To manufacture sacking,
hessian, jute yarn, bags and other necessary jute commodities, raw
jute is processed in the jute mills in the form of bales. Raw jute
bales are carried by trucks and drifted in the jute mill gowdowns.
The manufacturing of jute items comprises following stages :
- Selection : In this process, skilled workers open the
raw jute bales and find out defects and remove them from mora.
Usually, two kinds of raw jute bales are there : 150 kg weight
and 180 kg weight with or without top portion cutting. According
to the end usage, bales are selected such as Hessiean weft,
Sacking wrap, Sacking weft etc. Then the bales are shifted to
the softening section by the workers also known as Bajawala and
Gariwala.
- Softening : The jute bales are made more soft in
softening section. The softening process comprises two methods
by which you can make morahs soft, either by using any softening
machine or good jute spreader. Usually an emulsion plant with
softening machine is used to soften bark and raw jute. This is
comprised with gear pump, motor, vat, jet sprayer, nozzles,
emulsion tank and the jacket.
- Piling and pile breaking : The major purpose of this
process is to break the pile and serve it to the carding
machine. During this process, a superficial moisture saturates
inside the fiber and thermo fillic action softens the hard
section of the root. After around 24 hours, pile breakers convoy
the material to the carding machine and the root weight ranges
from 5 to 7% of the total weight of jute.
- Carding : In this process, all jute reeds are
separated and extraneous matters are carried away. The jute
fibers are made up into silver ribbon by any of the three
carding techniques like breaker carding, inner carding or
finisher carding.
- Breaker Carding : Generally, the carding operations
are operated by two carding methods i.e Rool feed breaker
carding or Hand feed breaker carding. After the piling process,
the material is used in hand feed breaker for more than 24 hours
while in rool feed carding, it is used for more than 12 hours.
The jute which is feed by hand is softened in appropriate
weightage. For finally finishing the carding process, machine
comprises different rollers which transform the raw jute into
jute silver. Root cutting is also very essential before feeding
the material to the hand feed breaker carding machine.
- Finisher Carding : The machine makes the sliver more
uniform and regular in length. Similar to breaker carding
machine, finisher carding machine comprises large pairs of
staves, rollers, pinning arrangements and speed. Around 4 to 12
slivers are feed on this machine and finally the material is
send to drawing section.